Currently, the use of non-invasive mechanical ventilation, as a measure of life support in the care units for serious patients, has been widely accepted. The objective of this research is to describe the impact non-invasive ventilation as a new paradigm. A literature search was conducted in national journals with CITMA certification and in foreign journals, which addressed the issue of non-invasive mechanical ventilation, mainly in Spanish and English. Those articles published in the last five years were selected. Although there are still issues to be clarified, this life support measure has been proven to be very useful and effective in recent years.